Life in the Greenlane: Productizing Renewable Natural Gas Plants

DURAN CHEUNG: Hi. Welcome to my presentation on "Life in the Greenlane." This is a presentation about how we at Greenlane Renewables are productizing renewable natural gas plants using fusion-managed PLM from Autodesk.

My name is Duran Cheung. I'm the current director of engineering at Greenlane Renewables. I have my professional engineering certification and project management professional certification, as well. And I was one of the main stakeholders in deploying the PLM system at Greenlane Renewables. So PLM has been fantastic in helping our company manage thousands of parts, documents, BOMs, and assemblies.

And I've been working at Greenlane for about four years now. I also have, in my past life, lots of product experience in the automotive industry. I used to work at Ballard Power Systems, working on a fuel cell project with Audi. And prior to that, I was at a company called Westport Fuel Systems, working on engine fuel systems for natural gas and propane applications.

My co-speaker, Shaya Ghanbar, he unfortunately can't be available for the recording of this presentation. He is the manager of enterprise solutions at SolidCAD. SolidCAD is the company that was helping Greenlane implement Autodesk Fusion Manage for our company. And they did a very good job at running this project from beginning to end. So he's not available for this recording, but he will be available at AU 2024 and co-presenting with me.

Now, the agenda for this presentation, we're going to start off discussing why we are here presenting this topic to you. Next, we're going to talk about why we specifically chose Fusion Manage PLM from Autodesk as our system of choice for managing engineering data.

And then we'll go into some specifics about how we configured Fusion Manage to help with our needs. And finally, we'll wrap up talking about our journey forward with next steps and how PLM has really helped us with our needs at Greenlane.

So to start off, let's begin with why we are here. I'm going to share with you a photo. This is a real photo taken from a site visit that I did in August 2022. I went to a farm out in the Midwest of America. And I went up on this hill. And at the top of the hill, I saw this big, open pit full of what looks like mud beside this massive barn full of over a thousand dairy cows.

Now, on the surface, you might see mud. But really, after the wind changed direction, I smelled what this was. And I also then saw a sign. And that sign said that this was actually a giant pit of manure.

So I think most people would see this image and see a steaming, smelly pile of waste. But at Greenlane, we see this as an opportunity, an opportunity not only for sustainable fuel and not only an opportunity for revenue, but also an opportunity to help combat climate change and help us on our path to sustainability.

Why is this big, smelly pit of cow manure an opportunity? The smell is a hint. That smell comes from biogas. Now, what is biogas? Biogas is a composition of gases generated from the anaerobic breakdown of organic waste.

So "anaerobic" means without oxygen. So if you break down waste, if you have bacteria and you're breaking down organic waste with oxygen, there's more CO2, or carbon dioxide, produced. If there's no oxygen, then methane is produced.

So any kind of organic waste can be used to generate biogas. Common sources of organic waste include animal manure, wastewater sludge, which is pretty much human manure, food waste, and landfills, which contain a lot of organic matter.

So biogas, the rough composition of biogas, it varies. But it's mostly methane, anywhere from 45% to 60% methane. The other significant portion is carbon dioxide, so around 35% to 40%. And finally, the balance is nitrogen, oxygen, or other impurities such as hydrogen sulfide, VOCs, or siloxanes.

So some of the key things to know about biogas is that you don't need to cut down organic matter in order to generate it. You don't have to pay for this organic matter because it's usually generated from waste, organic waste. And when you take biogas and oxidize it or burn it, it usually doesn't produce any toxic fumes.

Now, why is biogas important and a big topic of conversation all over the world? Well, the key aspect of biogas is-- the key component of biogas, which is important, is methane. So methane is a very, very potent greenhouse gas.

On this slide here, you see two images of articles from CNN, one on the left talking about how methane is seeping out from landfills, US landfills, at rates that were higher than previously estimated. On the right, it's talking about the impact about of methane from industries such as agriculture or oil and gas.

So the IPCC, the International Panel on Climate Change, has indicated GWP, or global warming potential, for methane to be 84 to 87 when you're taking a look at the 20-year time frame. Global warming potential means that methane is 84 to 87 times worse than carbon dioxide when you note the global warming effect.

So one ton of methane is equivalent to 84 to 87 tons of CO2 when you're taking a look at a 20-year time frame. Now, it's more common to take a look at a hundred-year time frame. And that, it's equivalent to about 30 times the impact over a hundred years.

So biogas emissions. Here's a slide showing various statistics on biogas emissions. It's responsible for a lot of the human emissions in the world. So one key statistic I want to point out is, for instance, landfills, they're everywhere, all over America and the world. They emitted 72% of waste-related emissions in 2022.

Food waste is a significant contributor. Agriculture is a significant contributor. Wastewater treatment is also responsible for a lot of methane-related and waste-related emissions in America.

So with biogas, how can we take advantage of biogas? I want to introduce to you renewable natural gas, which is what our company focuses on. Renewable natural gas, or RNG, is a sustainably sourced fuel that's derived from upgrading biogas.

So upgrading biogas means you're taking biogas, and you're removing the things you don't want from it, such as CO2, nitrogen, oxygen, and any trace impurities. So when you upgrade biogas, you're left with RNG, a renewable natural gas. And the significant thing about RNG is that it is chemically identical to natural gas.

So if you mix together RNG and natural gas, you can't tell them apart because it's essentially the same thing. So anything you can use natural gas for, you can use RNG for. So it can be used in applications such as heating, heating your home, cooking on a stove. It can be used for power generation. And it can be used for transportation to power buses or trucks.

When you use RNG or combust it or burn it, you emit mostly water and carbon dioxide. So I think in the previous slide it said it's clean burning. It mostly is. It's a very clean burning fuel. And you can use it in so many applications.

So why is RNG important to help our fight against climate change? There's two main reasons why we say that RNG is excellent at decarbonizing the energy systems. One, it prevents waste methane from escaping into the atmosphere.

So if you can capture the biogas that would be otherwise released into the atmosphere and you utilize it, you're taking advantage of existing carbon in the methane and using it for industry, using it for residential, using it for power generation. You're putting it to use. So preventing methane from going to the atmosphere is going to help with reducing the effects of global warming.

Next, the second reason why RNG is very helpful for climate change is that by using RNG, you don't have to use fossil fuel-derived natural gas. When you use fossil fuel-derived natural gas, you are literally pulling carbon from the ground and releasing it into the atmosphere. So preventing the need of that happening is also one very big reason why RNG is very good to use if you want to reduce the effects of climate change.

Now, where does Greenlane play into this? We at Greenlane, we produce and supply biogas upgrading plants. So our plants take the gas from various biogas sources, such as from manure, food waste, wastewater sludge, and landfills. We take that biogas. They go into our system. And using three different technologies, such as membrane separation, water wash, and PSA, we basically scrub that biogas, or upgrade that biogas. And we convert it into RNG. It's also known as biomethane.

So RNG, as I've said before, you can use it as the same applications as natural gas. So it can be used for such things as fueling your truck. You can convert it to green hydrogen. Or you can inject it into your natural gas network and green your gas grid.

So not only can RNG be good and effective for fighting climate change. But it also can generate a lot of revenue. Often, governments will pay a premium for renewable natural gas because they want to incentivize the production of it for the fight against climate change.

Here are three images of the three different types of plants that we produce at Greenlane. At the top left is a membrane separation system. On the bottom left, we have a pressure swing adsorption system. And on the right side, we have a water wash system. These are three different technologies that Greenlane uses to upgrade biogas at very high flows.

We've been around since 1986, so well over 35 years. We are a global leader in biogas upgrading. We have systems in over 19 countries worldwide. We were the first system in over 12 countries.

We also built what once was the world's largest system right here in Canada. And we are the only company in the world to have three primary upgrade technologies. So we have a portfolio of products that can upgrade our customers feedstock, whether it be manure, food waste, landfill, or wastewater treatment.

Now, why are we in the business? Well, we see a lot of growth potential. This is an image showing all the existing biogas plants that are currently in the US. This currently-- over 2,400. This is a snapshot from three years ago in 2021. And so there's the potential for 15,000 new biogas systems on farms, in wastewater treatment, with food scraps, or at landfills.

This is taken from the American Biogas Council. So really, there's so much market potential for biogas upgrading systems. People often make the comparison of the biogas industry to the early stages of solar and wind. So there is tons of potential of biogas. And it's really the next big clean energy revolution.

So that brings us to why we're here. We're here to discuss why we chose PLM and Fusion Manage as our way of being able to scale up to meet market needs. We want to share with you all how we set up PLM with our partners at SolidCAD to customize it to meet the needs of our business so that hopefully we can inspire you all to use PLM to help with your needs, to scale up.

Maybe you're in clean tech and you want to find a system to help you really expand your business. We want to share our digital transformation journey that we needed to undertake to meet our market's growing demand.

So next thing, I'm going to talk about why we chose Fusion Manage PLM. First, I want to talk about ETO and CTO models. ETO basically stands for engineered to order. And so this is a model of delivering technical designs where you take a project, and you have it bespoke made, custom tailored to meet the specific needs and requirements of a single customer.

So a customer comes with a very specific, for instance, composition of gas in a specific part of America. And they have a very specific application. So you basically-- engineer-to-order model is taking their needs and designing the plant to meet exactly what they need.

On the other side, we have configure to order, where you have a repeatable, configurable, redeployable product that meets the needs and requirements of multiple customers in a market segment or application. So you're not designing for a single customer. You're designing for multiple people.

So you have a system that you can have some certain options. But really, you're trying to minimize the number of times you need to design something. So you want to design it once for redeployment over and over again.

Now, with ETO systems, there are various challenges. With ETO systems, because you're doing custom bespoke projects, every time you have a new project, you have to do manual rework. So we have many documents from previous projects. You have to recreate them and reissue them. You also have to put in additional effort to redeliver the same information.

There's issues with duplication. So often, you can use a system like pack-and-go. Pack-and-go is where you take one project, you package it, you copy it, and you duplicate it in another directory.

So using this methodology, you can have copies of copies of copies. You can have hundreds of copies of the same document. And you might make tweaks along the way. And so with this, you lose traceability of changes. And you have duplicate documents. And that could really confuse you and be bad for identifying what the source of truth is.

So really, it's unclear which document is latest and greatest. And with these systems of organization, you have to manually maintain and sort them in directories. And with this manual maintenance of this design data and documents, it can lead to siloing.

Engineering data in an ETO system is often not easily shared with other teams, such as supply chain quality, finance, and management. The manual methodology means that the information cannot flow freely. And so it could lead to information being siloed in certain departments.

Now here's a slide showing some interesting statistics from Greenlane Renewables. On the left is a graph showing, year by year, the number of new employees that we've taken on and added to our company. So you can see in 2021, 2022, to 2023, we had a lot of new employees, which meant that we had a lot of additional stakeholders in our projects. So with more employees and expansion, you have to have really efficient means of deploying information quickly and efficiently.

Also, with each project that we took on, we had a lot of documents to manage. We had projects that had as few as a few hundred documents to projects that had well over 3,000 documents. So trying to manage these documents in an efficient way, manage source of truth, and make sure people knew what the latest and greatest documents were became increasingly challenging with more complex projects that were undertaken.

Now, why is CTO better often than ETO? With CTO, you're taking designs, and you're redeploying it. So you're redeploying designs that you know are proven. So that will lead to increased reliability of your systems, less need to train people because people are used to your system and you're not changing your system over and over again.

It leads to better lead times because you can buy things-- because your suppliers know how to build your system already. It also leads to lower risk overall, the risk of missing deployment dates, delivery dates, commissioning dates. Really, overall risk is reduced.

We're also reducing cost to customers. So with repeatable designs, you have higher volumes of component purchases because you're using the same components over and over again. So you're minimizing any repeated effort. And your customers know your product. If you reduce cost to customers and cost to your company, you can take that money and reinvest in innovation. So it allows your company to stay cutting edge.

At the same time, with CTO, the C-- the configurability-- you can still configure your systems to meet the needs of different customers. So for instance, a system being sold to northern Canada is going to be different and operate at a colder temperature than a system operating and being sold to Brazil, where the temperature rarely goes below 5 degrees Celsius. So offering a little bit of configurability is going to help with the ability for your sales team to sell your systems.

So really, Greenlane's strategy is a shift from the ETO model to the CTO model. This is a slide showing four different plans, or modules, that we have designed carefully to meet the needs of various customers with different feedstocks.

We have our Cascade membrane separation system at the top left with the Cascade H2O water wash system. We have the Cascade PSA, pressure swing absorption, for anaerobic digester system. And we have the Cascade H2S desulfurization system. These are all plants that meet specific needs. But they're also CTO, so redeployable with various options that you can apply to meet the specific needs of your location.

So we've established why CTO is an ideal path forward. Why do we want to use PLM for a CTO operation? PLM is excellent at scaling data, being able to scale up your data. So instead of copying information from directory to directory, you take the same information, the same data, and you link it instead.

So you have the same items, assemblies, modules, documents. And you can redeploy them an unlimited number of times. Anything that's already been pre-approved and released, you can reuse it as much as you want.

You can take complex assemblies and designs, and you only need to engineer the design once. And so you don't have to do any kind of additional reviews. With PLM, as well, you have clear source of truth.

When you release a BOM with related items and documents, the final documentation is very clear. You have a single component list. You know which documents are latest and greatest. And you know how the documents relate to each of the components in your bill of materials.

There's less need to manually maintain your directories because there is no directory system in PLM. And because you have strict workflows, files and data is more secure in a PLM system. Also, with PLM, it's excellent for information sharing. When you release parts and documents, you can automatically share them with other systems by using such tools as a nexus to integrate your PLM system to other enterprise systems like ERP, CRM, MRP.

While you're sharing your data, your team can retain ownership of your own data. So PLM, a lot of the data comes from the engineering team. So we retain control of that information. But at the same time, we could make it easily available to other teams.

So why did we choose Fusion Manage for our PLM solution? Well, really, Fusion Manage was excellent because it had configurable out-of-the-box solutions. So the out-of-the-box workspaces and modules, for instance for BOM management and change management, were excellent. We could use out-of-the-box templates and out-of-the-box workflows, but, at the same time, configure them to the specific needs of our company and our industry.

Also, with Fusion Manage PLM, there's a low cost of ownership. We had different levels of licenses, such as author, participant, and viewer, which meant that the specific needs of every user, you only had to pay for what you needed. So if you needed a user to be able to create and edit documents, you could assign them an author license.

But if a user only needed to look at something, they only needed-- you can assign them a viewer license. And they can access it that way with minimal cost. Also, because implementation only took six months, it was very quick to get up and running with PLM at Greenlane.

Fusion Manage is also excellent at integration with other systems. So using open REST API, we're able to do really effective integration with NetSuite ERP. And we had a piece of connector software that allows for bidirectional data transfer back and forth between our PLM and ERP systems. So things like BOMs-- bill of materials-- changes, cost, inventory, lead times, they can flow freely between our ERP and PLM systems.

So how did we configure Fusion Manage to meet our needs? Here's a diagram showing the structure of our PLM system. At the core of it, we have document items and items, tags, and BOMs. So items, tags, and BOMs represent physical items. Whereas the documents are the design documents that define the items.

For documents, we have document change orders. So anytime you need to release-- at Greenlane, when we need to release an item-- sorry, release a document, we use a document change order. And that's a record of review, approval, and release of any change in lifecycle status, so initial release or a new revision or maybe an archive of a document.

For items, tags and BOMs-- I'll talk about tags in a later slide-- these are representing physical items or assemblies. And so we have ECRs, which are records of estimated efforts and a cost of change. So we can use ECRs to collect data to identify the effort needed for a change. And so that allows people in leadership positions, such as project managers, technical leads, or VPs or directors to make effective go/no-go decisions for changes.

Once an ECR is approved, it creates an ECO, so an engineering change order. And so this is a record of the change itself of an item. So a change of an item could be a change in a bill of materials, a change in a lifecycle status. Engineering change orders are a way to document any changes to the configuration of our items, assemblies, or systems.

We also have a workspace called engineering change tasks, which are a way of recording and assigning tasks to various people, various users of PLM. So we attach engineering change tasks and embed them in engineering change requests or in engineering change orders.

At Greenlane, and specifically in the process industry, we have something called tags. Tags are essentially used in the process industry. And they're used to quickly identify and monitor key components. So tags are very important for designers, operators, or service personnel when you want to identify a specific valve that exists-- a valve or instrument or item that exists in a plant so that you know you have the correct component.

So tags are very similar to items. They also use an item number. And we put them as parents of items, of tagged items. And so you can see here an example bill of materials. We have a tag, HV-0101A, which is for steam A, and HV-0101B, which is for steam B. They each have a unique item number. But they're both the parent of the same type of component, which is that globe valve.

So you can see on the right picture, you have two globe valves that are the same, but they have different tags. So these tags with the items form assemblies. And so this is a really good example of how we use and configure our PLM system to meet the needs of our industry.

We implemented it this way so that when you bring up the globe valve in our PLM system, you can use the Where Use functionality. And you can see exactly which tags that globe valve was applied to.

Stepping higher level and taking a look at the typical PLM materials structure for a plant, at the very top level in the red row, we have defined projects basically. And now, projects is-- you might say projects are not redeployable. And that's correct. But often, we do have documents that are specific to a site that we do need to store somewhere.

So this is why we've created, at the very top level, a project item. So we can attach plant project-specific documentation, so non-reusable docs. So things such as site-specific process flow diagram or client-site layouts, these kind of documents we can have as direct children of this project item.

Now, beneath that in the yellow, we have an assembly which represents our overall biogas upgrading plant. The children of this plant are the tagged modules, which are shown in gray. And the children of these tagged modules are the modules themselves.

And each of these modules may have anywhere from one to hundreds of items and child documents defining that module. So anything that's at the level 1, shown in yellow, and below, that represents the plant product items. And that's where you attach the reusable, redeployable plant product documentation.

So with this system, you can redeploy modules, you can redeploy components, you can redeploy plants to multiple projects. So taking a look at that biogas upgrading plant shown in yellow, if you click on the Where Use tab of that yellow item, you can see which projects that plant has been applied to.

Moving on to change management. This is a diagram showing our change management system specifically related to documents. So these are document lifecycle states and the transitions between them.

Anytime you create a new document, you start at Unreleased. But we have the ability to use Draft as a lifecycle state. And Draft basically defines an item that you don't want to be-- if you want to define a document as partially approved but not usable at our company, we can use the Draft lifecycle status.

We also have Internal Release and External Release lifecycle statuses. And these represent documents that you want to only internally release, so only distribute internally. Or you may have documents that you want to be able to share with clients and vendors. So for that, we use External Release. And for documents that we want to put away and archive for whatever reason and make them not usable anymore, we have an Archive lifecycle status.

This is a document change order workflow that we use at Greenlane. Really, this is pretty much out of the box from Autodesk. The only thing that I want to highlight in this change order workflow is Pending Vendor Revision, which is a workflow status in the bottom left there.

We implemented Pending Vendor Revision as a status because often we review external vendor documents. And we have comments, and we request revisions to them. And so we sent them back to our vendors to revise.

And so we wanted to keep track of documents that we're waiting for our vendors to correct or fix. So we implemented that lifecycle status-- sorry, that workflow status so that we can track documents in that state. So this is a great example of an out-of-the-box solution that we customized to meet the needs of our industry and our business.

Next, I want to show a diagram related to change management as related to items. So when you create an item at Greenlane, it starts in the Unreleased lifecycle state. But for active items, we have Concept, Pre-Production, and Production.

Items that have the Concept life cycle status, "concept" means that you have an item that you are ready to order, but it's not fully designed and not ready to be built yet. So items, if you want to release the concept, are, for instance, modules that you want to get ordered with a supplier so that they can procure materials. But you're not ready for them to cut steel yet because the design is not complete. So Concept is one effective life cycle status that we've used to expedite the procurement and purchase of modules to make sure that they're delivered in a timely manner.

Pre-Production life cycle state-- sorry, Pre-Production life cycle status is used for items that are ready to be built, ready to be deployed and used. But they don't have the full requirements validated and verified. So we use this for items that we've put on the field. They've been operating for a while. Maybe we've put out one or two. We just haven't hit mass production yet or multiple production. So maybe they haven't reached the hours that they need to in order to meet the next step.

And the next step would be Production. So these are items where we fully validated, fully verified. They meet all the requirements. And they're ready to be purchased and redeployed over and over again. So we use Production for modules and plans that we have full confidence in. And we also use Production life cycle state for off-the-shelf parts that we know are purchased readily and redeployable.

Now, if there's a part that we don't want to use anymore, we have a couple other states on the right here. You can see Service Only. So this is for parts that they're OK to use still in the field. But you don't want to purchase them anymore because they've been superseded.

And we have an Obsolete life cycle status for items that you don't want to use anymore. Maybe there's a safety issue or a recall on them. And so you want to take them out of service immediately. So Obsolete is something when you take an item and you basically put it away so it doesn't get purchased again, it doesn't get redeployed again.

So in addition to change management workspaces with Autodesk Fusion Manage, we've also implemented a couple other workspaces. So management system documents-- we store and maintain policies, procedures, forms, and templates related to how our business operates in our management system document workspace.

So this has been very effective and helpful for us to maintain our ISO 9001 and 45,001 certification because we're keeping these documents in a very controlled manner. And it's very accessible to our entire company.

Also, we have a supplier management module. So this is a module that we use to manage our list of vendors, our list of manufacturers. And we manage an audit process with our suppliers to make sure that they're delivering to the right quality.

So we added this module because often, when we define manufacturers and vendors, it starts with engineering. And so it only made sense because PLM is very engineering centric. We put the supplier management module workspace in our PLM system.

Next, diving in more specifics with our integration with ERP, Fusion Manage PLM, one of the reasons why we decided to implement it at Greenlane is because it has a very effective-- it's very easy to integrate this PLM enterprise software with other enterprise software, such as NetSuite ERP. So we've deployed Nexus, which is a connector software, so that when items are released in PLM, we have data freely, instantly flowing, data such as BOMs, changes, manufacturers, and vendors, flowing from PLM to ERP.

Flowing from ERP to PLM, we have inventory and price so that data can inform engineers so that they can make the best design decisions when it comes to cost and availability. So this integration is possible using open REST APIs. And the data transfer is automatic with the use of webhooks.

So SolidCAD did a very great job of working with the folks at Nexus to make sure this integration was seamless. Next, I want to talk about some implementation strategies that really helped us have success with the deployment of PLM at Greenlane.

First, when it came to PLM, we made sure that we had full leadership and team buy-in before we proceeded to start the implementation process. And that really helped reduce any kind of friction and opposition to the process. Really, everyone was gung ho about adding PLM to our tech stack so that we could rapidly expand and grow with the industry.

We also made sure that we had a dedicated implementation team, dedicated resources to work with SolidCAD to set up PLM properly. And with this team, we set up a center of excellence team. So these same people helped train the entire company to make sure that everyone knew how to use PLM effectively.

Finally, with the implementation process, as well, we did extensive user acceptance testing with the primary users of the system so that we could work out the kinks and make sure the system was iterated properly so that it was just right for our company. So doing all of these actions really helped shorten the time frame and improve the quality of the final product at Greenlane.

Finally, my last section, I want to talk about Greenlane's journey forward with PLM. So what's next with Greenlane? Really, we want to focus on products release. So we want to continue to release key components, modules, assemblies, plants documentation to deliver the maximum value to our wide range of customers.

We also, in the future, want to implement a quality system module so that we're able to track quality reports and corrective actions and relate them to items or documents in our portfolio. We also want to be able to integrate PLM with PDM system, product data management system, so that we can manage key digital drafting assets such as our SolidWorks data or our engineering electrical schematic data.

Finally, we're going to look into creating an external portal. So we allow external parties such as clients and vendors to be able to pull documentation to their companies with traceability. So we can see when they log in, when they pull data. And it just helps with the seamless transfer of information so that not only we're happy, but our suppliers and our clients are happy.

How have we benefited from implementing PLM? Really, the data transfer between PLM and ERP is now really quick and seamless. Data that once took a long time, like anywhere from days to weeks, even months, to synchronize between our systems now takes only seconds with the release of items and BOMs.

We now have design work that is streamlined because it's very clear what is the source of truth. And with our efficient workflows that we've programmed into our PLM system, it makes it very clear the status of review where everything is at. So we have better collaboration between our engineering teams, between our supply chain teams, between our finance teams, and quality teams.

And here's a reminder. Because these teams are distributed all over the world, we took advantage of the cloud aspect of Fusion Manage PLM. Finally, we now have thousands of components, assemblies, and documents in our system that can be redeployed with full traceability. And so this list of items in our system is only growing. So we'll continue to reap the benefits of Fusion Manage PLM.

Next, I just want to share a quote from our CEO, which states, "Greenlane's mission is to accelerate the energy transition. And a key element of our strategy is productization of our portfolio of biogas upgrading systems. So when looking for a PLM solution in an industry that typically operates on a custom-engineered project-by-project approach, we chose Fusion Manage to help us scale up and achieve meaningful decarbonization and reach our goals."

So for a final thought, I just want to share to you a picture. So this is a picture of the actual biogas plant that was built beside that manure pit that I showed you at the beginning of this presentation. Those green silos, or structures, contain the cow manure. And they ensure that the cow manure is at the ideal conditions to maximize production of biogas for conversion to renewable natural gas.

So really, this is a visual representation of how one person's trash is another person's treasure. We've taken literal waste, and we're making a fantastic sustainable fuel from something that would otherwise be a problem for our environment. So really, this represents the future not only of this farm, but of our continuing journey towards sustainability.

So really, with the help of Fusion Manage PLM in conjunction with a CTO business model, we can quickly and efficiently deploy green biogas upgrading systems like these so that we can continue to experience a better future for all of us. So we hope this provides a nice closing visual image for you. If you have any more questions, please contact me. And I really want to thank you for listening.