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Timber for High-Rise Buildings Using Digital Twins and BIM

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설명

This session will explore how, compared to concrete and steel, engineered timber can be one of the best construction materials, given its low carbon footprint.

주요 학습

  • Learn about timber construction detail.
  • Explore building information modeling (BIM).
  • Discuss digital twins.
  • Explore 3D models and prefabrication.

발표자

  • Apoorv Saxena 님의 아바타
    Apoorv Saxena
    Architect with experience in BIM Industry specialising in US residential construction including Home builder profile.
  • Chandan Sutradhar 님의 아바타
    Chandan Sutradhar
    Chandan Sutradhar is a BIM and Engineering Lead at Pinnacle Infotech with over 18+ years of experience in the AEC industry. Working as an Assistant General Manager for Structure Engineer & General Contractor projects with Pinnacle Infotech, Chandan's focus is on driving the implementation and adoption of BIM in various projects. He is responsible for developing BIM and Digital Twin strategies for Residential, Commercial, Research, Education, Arts and Culture, and Healthcare projects, whilst also making sure they get implemented on-site. In addition to his extensive industry experience, Chandan is also: • Experienced in steel detailing work in Advance Steel • Well-versed in the Facilities Management Workflow • Specialized in the use of Autodesk products • Actively Involved in the Autodesk University and community • A regular attendee at Autodesk University.
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      Transcript

      APOOV SAXENA: Welcome, everyone, to this session, "Timber for High-Rise Using Digital Twin and Building Information Modeling." My name is Apoov Saxena. We will be talking about mass timber hybrids for the future, how it's shaping, and where it is taking us in terms of construction. So, next, please.

      We will be discussing in this session on the new developments that has happened in the virtual design and construction industry that has allowed us to actually explore some of the possibilities and the untapped potential which lies in materials which have been forgotten or overwhelmed by some of the more modern materials, which drastically has changed the way construction works. We are going to talk about mass timber in this case, which was overwhelmed by steel and concrete industry at the start of the early 19th century.

      So the learning objectives for today-- we will be having mass timber as a material, where and how it was used previously, where we stand with it, the types that are in place, some of the properties which we have enhanced that has allowed us to actually go back and use it, some of the case studies, leading with examples throughout the world, which have come up and has shown us the way. Then we'll be talking in detail about digital twin. Chandan will be taking you forward with that, its relevance, regarding the timber construction on how we can actually combine them both and come up with a meaningful and sustainable solution for the construction industry. Next, please.

      Something about myself-- I'm an architect by profession, having around eight years of experience in the virtual design and construction industry. I have project experiences in North America, Canada, Middle East, and Asia-Pacific, currently working as project delivery head, heading a team of around 40 architects, with most of my work related to home builders segment.

      CHANDAN SUTRADHAR: Yeah, Apoov, thank you. It's a really nice introduction. Thank you, Autodesk University, giving us the opportunity to speak about the mass timber, and we will talk about digital twin.

      Myself, Chandan, working in this industry more than 18 years. And I'm looking for more innovative solution for the industry, end-to-end solution for the design, the constructions, and how the facilities management work. So we will talk about that. So I will be giving back to you. Please continue your part.

      APOOV SAXENA: Thank you, Chandan.

      CHANDAN SUTRADHAR: Yep.

      APOOV SAXENA: So, moving ahead, something about Pinnacle Infotech Solutions. So we are a 30-year-old company. We work in the AEC industry using the BIM platform. We've executed around 7,500-plus projects around the world, 40 countries.

      We deal in all the trades. And we have around 2,500 experts from all trades in India and the US. Our presence is all around the world. And we are setting up new offices as we speak.

      Moving ahead, we will be discussing on the briefs of mass timber, on how and what are the takeaways for it. So mass timber as a building material was actually there right from the onset. If you talk about the constructions using indigenous materials, we think of brick in the first place.

      We all have this image of the Monadnock Building in New York. And it has a 60-meter-tall stature made only of exposed brick. Now things to wonder here is we have actually felt the need of skyscrapers being made from other materials apart from steel and concrete.

      So now we can move a little further in history to see where did we start with timber then? So Japanese pagodas, which are from the 11th century, have been one of the most considered materials, not just in the East of Asia, but also in the European continent. And they have survived very drastic conditions when it comes to earthquakes for a very long time.

      But the use of brick and the use of wood was discredited a little at the start of 21st century, when they were actually taken by storm by the steel and concrete industry. To talk about that, we will be going on to talk about the pagodas a little. So having timber construction is one thing, and the need to go higher is another. So we look at the first image. It's the wooden pagoda from Japan.

      There are a few in China. They still stand tall. And, like I said, they are in the higher seismic zone. They stand up to 9 stories in height.

      Starting from that in the 11th century, we have come very far when we talk about Chrysler Building, for example, which was the early skyscrapers in the 19th century. The reason for that is because we can employ more area in terms of square footage. For example, the Chrysler Building has around 111,251 square meters of floor area, which is actually compared to a lot of commercial hubs around the world. So this much vertical space gives you a lot of flexibility of usage, a lot of considerate space to create a city hub. Thus, going higher has been better.

      If you move forward towards the history of timber buildings in specific-- but before that, we are going to talk about how wood actually lost its battle in the history of these times. So its association with tragedies, especially mass fires, for example, the Great Fire of 1666 in London. And the use of steel and concrete, due to their predictable behavior, and also their manufacturing, in terms of quality, which can well be controlled and standardized throughout the world.

      Timber industry could not evolve with the production and the faster production in terms of pricing as well as supply. Plus, the unpredictability of wood as a material also has its own impacts. So that's the primary reason why we had this discreditation during the 19th century.

      But we have come up with some of the examples. If you go on to the next slide, we'll see that some of the buildings that we have since starting, say, 2008 that is when the building information modeling kicked in. And we have a lot of options to construct things virtually before going on-site.

      Now, here's Sakyamuni China Pagoda, if you can see, 67 meters in height. It's still quite a lot. But when we started with the timber buildings right from the start, we started from Germany. We started with E3 at 24 meters. Steadily, the height has taken an increase and now we are looking at something around 85 meters in Norway, and also the Milwaukee Ascent, which we'll be talking about later in this presentation.

      Now, all this journey has taken us to a position where now we are actually projecting a skyscraper made of timber, and it will be having a height of around 300 meters. So we are now looking at something which we couldn't imagine around 20 years back. Now, one thing to note here is none of these structures are totally timber structures. They are hybrids. If you move to the next slide, we'll see the path regarding history has allowed us to move backwards.

      If we say the construction started with the traditional methods of architectural and engineering capabilities, we discovered BIM. We discovered we can do things virtually. Then it led to the prefabrication industry, which has more accurate production in terms of use on-site, which led us to believe that we can actually build skyscrapers much faster and much cheaper than expected.

      All this then went to something we call digital twin, which is a buzzword, but makes a lot of sense when we have something which is the exact twin of the physical structure on-site. Now, the structure is not just in terms of its physical properties but also in terms of its functionality. So now we are at a position using digital twin and BIM. We can actually look backwards and see the materials that can now be reinvented in a way using our engineering and our manufacturing capabilities.

      So now we have digital twin. If we will try to explain that, it can be subdivided into three parts. Like I said, digital twin is a buzzword, and it has many definitions around the world currently. Most of them relates to the definition of a physical twin. That would be the BIM model.

      Say if you have an as-built virtual constructed model-- for example, in Revit-- and it has the absolute predictability in terms of the physical qualities of the structure, it can be referred to as physical twin. It can be done to the last bolt of the building, for example, if you talk about timber structures. But then we have data twin. Now, data twin is something we relate to as internet of things, which is IoTs, all these sensory data that we'll be getting from the building and also be seen live in the virtual path.

      Combine that with the service twin, which is actually a service tracking of equipments, of finishes, when and what needs to be repaired, something we call the preventive failure, which allows us to understand how we can actually plan things out in a way to make sure that repairs happen on time. So combine these three, and you come up with a digital twin, which is actually the whole definition. So moving forward, we will be discussing on how we can integrate them both.

      So talking about considerations when it comes to timber high-rise, please note here I'm talking about high-rise here because it's referring to mass timber products. So multi-story timber buildings need to have a few considerations in place before the design works in. So we'll be taking consideration into environmental sustainability. We'll be taking into social and economic sustainability.

      For the engineering and construction part, we have a lot to take care of, including seismic analysis, we have fire performance of the building, behavior of the shear walls. We'll be talking about hybrid building design and the durability and protection of wood as a material, which poses a huge threat and distrust when it comes to wood in large-scale projects.

      On the collaborative side, we will be learning on how BIM design can integrate with digital twin to perform the task in a high-rise mass timber building. Moving ahead. So the first question that comes to our mind is what is the sudden urge to go back? Where are we having a problem with using concrete and steel? The answer is climate change.

      We are currently having huge problems when it comes to carbon footprint. To create a material that is in place, you have to go integrated process of manufacturing, which includes a lot of release, in terms of carbon in the environment. Now talking about wood, this case, the wood can hold carbon since it is a natural at-source product. The carbon that is stored in wood stays that way. We just use that and engineer it in a way, put that to use in a building, and this carbon remains intact.

      It also helps in the heat management. If you talk about concrete jungles, a lot of heating issues we'll be having in terms of concrete, we do have some solutions when it comes to the interior of the building, but at the environmental level, it has its own impacts. Thus, hybrids are the future currently. We are not just talking about taking over the industry. We are talking about would being integrated with the current materials of the industry.

      The benefits we are having-- the transportation abilities, which we can take throughout the world, which we'll come to later on. We'll start with carbon footprint for now. So let's take an example here.

      The carbon footprint is actually something which emerges as a figure when you have to create one cubic meter of that material. If you take, for example, concrete, 1 cubic meter of concrete we have if we talk about per ton, releases around 260 meters cubed of carbon.

      When you talk about that, in case of steel, that's way too much. But we do not use steel in this density at one place. But compare that to wood, and it comes drastically down. We are having around 87.64 per meter cubed per ton in terms of carbon footprint. Now that's quite low. You talk about this in context of a high-rise building, there is a huge difference it will make on the site.

      We take an example of this and compare it to something which is more relatable. So moving forward, we have an example of the Fastenal Office at Winoma. It's in Minnesota. Now what they did is they used wood products, engineered wood products that would be called EWP. And then they measured how much of the saving they made in terms of carbon footprint.

      So when we do that, we realized that the products of cubic meter, in terms of usage of wood, was around 634. That has 512 metric tons of carbon stored inside the wood that is not released. Then we use that potential to see how much we have saved, and it comes down to 710 metric tons of carbon benefit.

      Now, it sounds less, or not relatable, till this point, but then we compare it something to more usable, which is fuel. And we come up to 79,000 gallons of fuel. Now you do that with another example for the Founder's Hall at University of Washington, similar figures appear. So the use of wood is having a huge impact in terms of carbon footprint.

      We just need to understand we do not actually have to export the carbon footprint somewhere else, like we are doing that in terms of lithium-ion batteries. We export them in some other country and we drive EVs. It's not really getting rid of the carbon footprint. We are actually just exporting it to some other place.

      Now what does the code say about timber high-rise, and where does that actually provide something called a sweet spot? So, as per the IBC-- I would take IBC into consideration because the codes vary around the world-- but if you take IBC, a skyscraper's definition is 75 feet, something that exceeds that. When we say exceeds that, it has to be an average grade distance between the average grade and the highest occupied story of the building. Please note that this is irrespective of the construction type.

      Now, this is from IBC 2015. In 2021, when we got the new revision we have something called three construction types which has a definition for mass timber construction. If you'll go to the next slide, we'll see.

      So if we have IV-A, IV-B, and IV-C types of construction, which is actually mass timber construction, hybrid mass timber construction. We are having a few allowances. For example, the residential occupancy, R, we can take the building up to 9 floors. We can do that up to 85 feet. You do that in construction IV-B, and you have one 180 feet. Same goes for a higher building, IV-A.

      But the important part here is to understand that the higher you go, the less the exposure for mass timber has to be there, or at least that's what the code says. So to get above this, you need to have special authoritative approvals on how you can use it. And also, the taller you go, you need to understand how the fire rating would work.

      So why mass timber never became the first choice in terms of structural aspects-- the wooden structures have a very low stiffness and mass density. The horizontal oscillation and dynamic behavior, which is a huge problem when it comes to wind loads, and then you have base shear forces due to wind loading as tall as the building is. The higher we go, the more we have to deal with these forces.

      Now, in time, what we can actually assess with the current situation is we have a handful of projects which come up as an example. But the more we go, the more we understand there is more chances of coming up with the potential of using the untapped potential in this material.

      Now, mass timber types, just an overview, are basically of two categories in terms of having them together. So when you manufacture them, either you just nail them or you or you paste them. Now, nailing has gotten outdated and may be of some use in terms of townhouses, but when you go on the scale of a high rise, we are looking at glue. Cross-laminated timber is one of the greater examples. The Glu Lam, LVL, laminated veneer lumber are some of the great examples. They can be just glued together. They can be cut using CNC. They can be coordinated with the as-built models to provide prefabricated structural elements on site for assembly.

      If you move forward, you have another great property of mass timber that has great potential moving further. So it's called wood char. Now, it's nothing new. That wood char is when it burns and creates a layer on the top that allows the oxygen cut off and has the product having more integrity at the end, due to less heat inside the product. So that layer of char actually gives rise to a pyrolysis layer that has a temperature differential. And then we have the intact structure.

      So compare this to steel, where buckling can happen at around 300 degrees. We actually have something which has a 700-degree Celsius handle. See, for this example-- this was done by US Department of Agriculture. They actually created a replica of a two-story building and then burned it to see how it burns in a controlled way in terms of fire rating. It actually burned for the two whole days. And after that, we have structural elements still intact and the building not falling through.

      So an example like this can actually tell us the potential, in terms of firefighting, when we have the fire norms in place, with such strict rules to follow. So what it does in high rises, it has this additional layer that cuts off oxygen, creates a undefined pyrolysis stage, and then we have a temperature differential.

      We talk about structural integrity. This is a huge, huge point when it comes to high rises, and then we can design it in a controlled way using something called fire-retardant coatings, which can actually enhance the way wood would react when it comes to in contact with fire. Move forward and we'll see how outriggers is another great prospect in terms of timber high-rise structure.

      So when we talk about structure stability, there are a lot of calculations in and out. But to understand one basic principle is wood, as a material, is very flexible. And it has its own drawbacks when it comes to tensile strength.

      So the higher you go, the more you are having compression on the bottom floors. Here you need to have something as an intermediate support. To do that, we have rigid outrigger stories. These are concrete stories, basically, and will be directly connected to the core.

      Since the buildings are hybrids, their cores are usually concrete until we find a better alternative. And then we use them in a way so that the timber structure stays intact on the top of the outrigger stories. We also have outrigger as a structure on the top of the building. This is using a couple of couplers and aerodynamically made in a way so that the building can handle wind forces better at the top.

      If you see the examples of all the buildings that we are going to talk about, none of the buildings actually go leaner as they go higher, as in case of steel and concrete. So now we have interactions with MEP, another great prospect we are actually looking at. So when we talk about MEP, it needs to be highly coordinated. That's what BIM has given us.

      This has provided us the ability to come up with pre-coordinated, pre-designed, clash-free drawings which can actually come back to us in case of materials. Now, for example, this one-- if you see, there is a slab which has punctures in it. You have actually coordinated that previously in the virtual construction environment, and now you have come up with an assembly on-site, which you need to fix.

      Now, this is, again, very crucial because in case there is any replacement required, in terms of on-site construction, you do not have them ready because they are made on specific purpose. Any last-minute changes to the design or any decisions that can be taken on site can have long delays in terms of the project execution. If you move forward, we will see how the connections play a huge part in the timber high-rise industry as well.

      So to do that, we need to model that to the last bolt. When I say the last bolt, that means we are actually creating an as-built model with accurate calculations being done on the similar stage. Since wood has very light weight-- it is almost one sixth the times of concrete-- it is easier to coordinate on-site. You can see this is a basic interface of how we can actually put mechanical ducts. We can provide space for services under the CLT floor slabs that we'll be putting. So this is, of course, in the case of post-to-beam connections, which we will be discussing in the coming case studies.

      Cranes, in terms of high rise-- if you talk about the light weight of mass timber, again has a huge role. You have tower cranes installed in the middle of the buildings, usually in the core and that has to go ahead and take the prefabricated panels, for example, and then put them up on the building. Now, due to its lighter weight, it's almost 2/3 of the time that takes on-site in terms of mass timber products when you compare it with the concrete products.

      So reduced crane times means reduced cost. You are having less weight to deal with. Also, with connections like these-- which are majorly done on the fabrication stage-- this can only be achieved using an accurate physical twin or the BIM model.

      So we can do that using Revit. We can model that to the as-built stage, like I said, to the last bolt. And then use that information to put in Tandem, something like Tandem, which can give you the life information of the current status of that part. Moving forward, if we talk about everything that has happened till now, it seems a great prospect. Then why hasn't really been the case we've been that we are in use of mass timber throughout the world?

      Now a few things actually impact that. Currently, the production of these manufacturing assemblies are limited to only a few parts of the world. Austria, for example, has a great base. But then you are looking at transportation challenges. Something like a Suez canal block that happened can hamper the supply of that particular element for a very long time.

      It has code limitations in place in different parts of the countries. Getting that approved is another thing. And then, it's not a LEGO. Most people refer to prefabricated elements as a LEGO block. No, they are not.

      They are actually huge, prefabricated structural elements, designed to the last punch or last bolt accurately. If you want to have a replacement ready in case of damage, that's literally impossible.

      Now there are some buildings that have already led us to believe that what we are thinking can be achieved. So when we talk about-- the first one comes to my mind is the Milwaukee Ascent. It's an apartment in Milwaukee, another hybrid structure 87 meters high.

      Then we have the Mjostarnet. It's in Norway, and it is, again, an 18-story building. We have the Brock Commons in Vancouver, the Treet. So all these buildings that are currently discussed throughout the presentation somewhere has the potential that we see in the upcoming projects.

      So once we have the extensive in extensive forestation happening, we are also talking about biophilia, a feeling when you have something which you are close to nature. So when you have a building which is made from wood, you might see people hugging those columns. That has been the case with Milwaukee Ascent. So it is actually 259 luxury apartments with retail space, a four-floor concrete base on which the timber structure has been installed. It has post-to-beam connections and it has special allowances in terms of code, due to its sustainable considerations.

      If you talk about the Mjostarnet, it is, again, one of the iconic buildings that were made. In 2019, it was executed. It stands by the side of a lake. It has a very arid and cold climate. It deals with a lot of expansion and contraction when it comes to the wood as a material. But it comes down to the line when we actually feel that this can be used in harsh climates as well.

      It has a hybrid-- when I say hybrid, this time we are talking about timber-concrete composites. So basically they are having CLT slabs covered with reinforcement and then with concrete. Now what this does is this provides weight to the top of the building and allows the structure to stay stable.

      The Stadthaus is another great example, perhaps the first of the buildings that led the industry to believe in wood's potential again. This was actually used with 70% of the panels made of this building using waste wood products. So again, a huge impact on the carbon footprint. Use of plasterboards combining the walls helping in the fire rating.

      Now, to take this forward in terms of how digital twin can make a huge difference, I'll be handing it over to Chandan, who will take you through the journey of digital twin. Over to you, Chandan.

      CHANDAN SUTRADHAR: Hi. Hi, everyone and thank you, Apoov. It was really nice.

      You talk about a lot why wood and mass timber is an important material in industry and why we will follow the mass timber in construction. So it's a really nice thought. You have given a lot of aspect in the reasons and example of the projects.

      So I'll be giving you a couple of thoughts. What is digital twin, and why digital twin to be used in this mass timber industry, as well as in several components MEP services. Along with that, it will give an idea and information you can use for your future projects.

      One of the great examples in an airport, one of the maintenance guys came and he saw the leakage and the equipment having a problem. So he's looking around here and there of the submittals and the information in a manual-- what information are there? Who is the manufacturer?

      So it's quite a bit-- it takes a long time to make this ceiling. The whole day, water and other things to be disturbed the other people. So the whole day is spent to make this maintenance properly. So we'll talk about a few more examples, like one of the studies-- there are various projects experience that we've seen that there are 25% timeframe being increased if we follow a manual time process.

      Like, some maintenance guy follows the manual for hundreds of asset inspections. It will take a long time, 93 hours. Whereas if they follow the BIM field application, then it will reduce more than 25% of hours.

      What is the actual cost if you look at the building cost analysis? And you can see there are more than 5% cost in the design part and 25% used for the construction of a building as per the design. And while it comes to the facility management or maintenance and operation, what we can see, more than 70% spend for the maintenance cost. It's a huge and critical cost, you can see.

      And even if you can see the current trend, a couple of trends that we have seen, few members of the projects, like, where people are using a sticky note. They follow the Excel sheet. They do the manual way.

      Some people hire EAM. And some people are IIoT. And some of the industry, where they applied the CMMS. So where it is applied for CMMS, they are in the construction way. They know how the maintenance is happening.

      Now, regarding the mass timber-- real interesting. What is the digital twin we are talking about here? So if we start from the design to construction stage and even the handover and maintenance stage, why'd we start the design? So the architect has to reconsider certain points. What are the kind of materials they use for the designs? And what are the kind of teamwork they use for the designs?

      So the selection of material and the environment situation, along with that, mass timber designs and construction is very important to follow certain checklists. If you talk about UFAD systems, where it's more detailed, where it's a hybrid system as Apoov said, so, like, below the floor-- if the pipe and the AC systems are doing better where the airflow is going, so the moisture and other things would be avoided.

      And the pest control-- like regular pest control of a UV-- that's more important to avoid any maintenance issues. Kind of fire resistance-- like, see, if a building has to be a clear exit way and has to be designed very proper way the fire safety teams. And the moisture, due to the weather and the situation moisture is coming in. So you have to keep in mind the ready, like the continuation of the maintenance, would be happening. Like certain time frames, the floor cleanliness and the wall cleanliness and the material of the wood has to be clear enough every time.

      And the weather, as you know, is a dramatic situation, sometimes critical. So you have to be prepared for sudden maintenance very well. And to avoid certain situations, we have to-- like, why we do the designs. And from design to construction, if the model is a single model and we prepare in a single source, kind of Autodesk Construction Cloud, where the 3D model being intact, not only the 300 or 400 or 500, we can make all the investment and connection in that manner so that we can identify any issues and we can rectify those maintenance aspects in a better way.

      So digital twin will provide you a better platform where from the design, the mass timber modeling, along with the prefabrication elements from the modular construction process, where supply window and the individual wood construction could happen a better way. So digital twin gives you more luxury, more better control of the properties of the materials, and increase the lifecycle of the whole building. So we will talk about more how the digital twin works.

      So what is a real-time management technique? Like, what are the process? First thing is the digital twin platform. If you see, Autodesk has been created a very nice and wonderful platform that is called Autodesk Tandem.

      And the second part, there are a lot of other prospects are there-- Bentley, and the Autodesk Tandem. Apart from that, BIM360 Ops, iTwin, OpenCities, Omniverse, IBM Maximo. So this platform is a very important part before you start a digital twin project.

      Data collections-- so even from the design, we are seeing in the construction industry while construction is done and handover is happening, commissioning team found there are a lot of missing information in the owner manual. Not only that, the equipment submittals are not being organized. So the data structure is very important from the beginning of a project. Now, all the stakeholders, all the supplier materials, all the things to be there are stored in a single storage.

      And what are the kinds of sensors to be used in the project, and what assets to be make the maintenance? That is more important. So the occupancy level, the asset registers, the equipment status-- those things very specific to maintain from the beginning, not at the end of the construction. Data integration, like type of assets, what data, what parameters-- not only the huge kind of parameters you integrate, like certain parameters you do not need. So you just need to discuss with the FM team, you just need to discuss with the digital tool platform team, what are the type of parameters you need to integrate in the projects?

      And the more important part, interoperability tools and what are the integration you are doing between the 3D model and the live asset data? That is something very important. So once you establish this platform and everything, you can see the dashboard. And you can do the real-time monitoring of and the scenario analysis of each individual assets.

      You can see what are the lifecycle of individual asset, whether they are performing well or not, based on the data and analytics you can do, the better control of the assets. And you can make a checklist for the maintenance process, like preventive maintenance or predictive maintenance to avoid the reactive maintenance. So you can identify the manual in a timely manner in a single storage. And you could do the maintenance in a cloud in a better way, which could not only reduce the time, which gives you a single storage of all the things, the parameters, all the data checklist, all the maintenance guidelines, all to be there in a single source.

      Along with that, digital twin environment also need to do the energy optimization. Energy analysis will give you better measurements, the sustainability of the materials, and you can do the better prospect of the mass timber construction.

      So what are the use of the digital twin nowadays? It has been started-- manufacturing process, health care, urban planning, aerospace. And these are the really huge amount of digital twin being used along with that construction industry.

      What are the kind of benefits we can see on a digital twin? So it's not only to increase the revenue of the entire project. It will lower the maintenance cost. It can better control of the assets monitoring part.

      It will give you more analytics, more ideas, and you can do the predictive maintenance in a timely manner. All the data in a structured way, so it eliminates 75% of the breakdown and 20% increase of the production. You can see the 25% maintenance cost could be reduced for a particular project.

      There are certain challenges apart from this benefit. Here, let's see, the data when we started from the design to construction data not being structured. And the amount of data and the security, that is more important part. Those are in spite of the couple of challenges there. And what are the media and platform you are choosing for the digital twin? That is also another part before you jump into the project for digital twin activities or implementation.

      Another important aspect, if we talk about the digital twin, it's not only the assets or information, it's also a media platform. It should be a single source, like CDE, Common Data Environment. All the stakeholders, owners, architects, the supplier, manufacturers-- they can see the one single source of model from one location with all the materials specification, checklists, submittals, all the data to be in the storage in a single source. And anytime they can open the model, they can see this is the single and the latest information. And they can do the better control.

      So there are a lot of CDE platforms. Autodesk Construction Cloud is one of the best, which is like BIM 360. Many of you know that. So this is really a great platform to use.

      Another aspect, if you are doing the renovation kind of activities, like if you want to do the modeling. So Reality Capture is the best method, provides you the better insight and the information for the 3D modeling. So there are three steps.

      One is the raw data capturing, like raw data through the scanners, different station points. And then those scanners to be make a registration so there are a lot of software [INAUDIBLE] kind of that provide you the better aspect of the control of individual scan point. And then you convert them compatible format. That is called Recap format, and those you can use for the 3D model conversation.

      There are a lot of tools out there, not only the terrestrial laser scanning. There are drone camera, robotics, and there are vehicle and wearables. There are a lot of way and process to do the scanning for a building construction, interior, exterior, and the individual part. So it's the best example, we can say, for the renovation activities.

      How the model is being developed for the digital twin of a mass timber? Keeping in mind how it is like for each individual trade modeling from civil to SCADA system. And this is how it is happening.

      All the model, like being developed individually and then combined in a single source, and it is also happening through scan to a bigger size of model. And it can convert its huge amount of elements with individual information. So it's not like a small project you can handle. It's a bigger project as well.

      And for the mass timber as Apoov said, now, as per the IBC, we can follow the [INAUDIBLE] stories on more than that for the mass timber construction. So it's a really good platform. Now, coming to physical and data and service twin, which Apoov has highlighted at the initial thoughts. So I'm just giving examples over here.

      Here are one of the rooms where you have supplied diffusers and having a sensor where temperature control could be measured. And those physical sensors in the construction site, along with the 3D model where we integrate sensors into inside the model and provide the data or information so those sensors, we can take the live data, and model BIM ready for that to focus and provide more live data and analytics to make the better control of the assets. And for that, you need a physical asset, like the physical twin, all the data information, maintenance guidelines over there, make the sensor connection properly, and the integration of the maintenance data and the sensor integration. Along with that, you could make a complete digital platform for each individual item.

      So digital twin not only provides you the better control, and there are certain processes nowadays, AR and VR-- augmented reality, virtual reality-- where it can give you more control of how you could do the maintenance part. So if you start with different manners. So the exact manner the maintenance would increase the time frame.

      But nowadays, we have a better way. We can make the simulation in a step-by-step sequence. And also, we have the opportunity to do the scenario simulations where you can see the object in advance, and you can visualize in more better way. Virtual reality gives a better control. If there is any fire or any fire situation comes up, you can see the area and you can see how to make the control.

      You can make and call the maintenance guy in that scenario and they can come up and make the critical situation to be in a disaster situation, they make the better way through this VR systems. VR systems and AR systems not only provide you the control of the project, it's also provided in all segments-- hospital segments, medical segments, and the construction of manufacturing product as well. So you have better control nowadays, not only the digital platform, you have different gadgets to make the monitoring a better way.

      We have two more examples of a project, ASHRAE Global headquarters. If you heard about the name ASHRAE, it's the globally-known people for the standard for the mechanical, electrical, plumbing systems. So in this headquarter, Pinnacle got the opportunity to work with and provide the digital twin platform for them to make the control in a better way.

      So what Pinnacle has been executed? So we have received a design model. And from there, we have converted design model to construction model and then, as-built situation model scenario. All the nitty-gritty details-- the hangars, and you know, plumbing fixtures and everything, the mechanical equipment, everything. So we have been connected and we did that as-build model.

      After that build model, we have given a platform to them or make a control, like we have created using the Autodesk Forge Viewer initially. Now we adapted the Tandem platform for them. However, we created the Forge Viewer where we create the service categories, like where they can identify each item, each asset, and make the maintenance at-site. We created the maintenance checklist at Forge Viewer and the maintenance team over there, they can do the maintenance using this Forge Viewer. And they can make the documentation at life.

      So we have the clear checklist, all the assets, even we integrate the [INAUDIBLE] data integration, asset information integration over there. And we also, having created a dashboard to better control for each individual items, like they can see which items are required for a replacement of each individual elements associated with that, like the pump, if it required any filter replacement. And also having an opportunity to see the dashboard analytics, so they can control all over the situation from this dashboards. So you can see there are 3461 assets where given the service lines and the breakdown situations, we have given for users to make this control at site.

      And now, we have adapted the Autodesk Forge. We have another example, like in Pinnacle Infotech Solution have a headquarter, Madurai Campus and head office over there in India. In this project, currently more than 1,000 people are working. And in this production building, what we have done, we have created a digital twin platform for all the assets, considering the mechanical, electrical, plumbing, along with few of the architectural elements-- door, window, and the wall specific to mass timbers elements over there, we are using in the interior space.

      So we created dashboards and you can see the dashboard having a better control where the information are being intact. And for that, we also like the sensor integration using the Autodesk's help team, and they have been guided to implement the Autodesk Tandem in different projects. However, considering this is one of the pilot projects where you can see 20 kV, 80 kV UPS giving the live data for the voltage, warranty, and the temperature. And we can see each individual through the stream viewer and all the data giving us a better control of the assets.

      We can see the digital twin of the assets, keeping in mind the mass timber have the better options where we are integrating all the properties and the information in the Autodesk Tandem platform. And we try to get the data for any issues-- found, moisture, or kind of through this Tandem platform.

      So this is what? Digital twin. What we are trying to say, hope this demonstrations would give, like, better idea. And this is-- and thank you very much from my end. And it's really a great platform, I believe. And we have been associated with Autodesk for a long time.

      However, this is a great platform, where we get the opportunity to explain about digital twin, along with the mass timber importance, why it is used, and why mass timber is essential in industry to avoid more carbon emissions from the steel structures. So hopefully it's a really good platform. And thank you very much. I hope you guys enjoy this session.