Road Rehabilitation Made Easy

TOMAS LENDVORSKY: OK. Good afternoon. Welcome to the session which we named Road Rehabilitation Made Easy. So presenter will be me. My name is Tomas Lendvorsky. I am senior technical sales specialist, based in Prague. And together with me will be Peter Ingles. Also, well, in fact, both we are senior technical sales specialists, which means old one.

PETER INGELS: Yes.

TOMAS LENDVORSKY: So let's introduce ourselves. So I am based in Prague as a technical sales specialist, as I mentioned. Being responsible for eastern Europe. And I'm working for Autodesk already for 13 years. But in fact, I used to say, in my previous life, before I joined Autodesk, I was also dealing with different road-designing software. But by trade, I am a civil engineer. So.

PETER INGELS: Good. I'm Peter Ingles. As Thomas said, I'm also a senior, or old, technical specialist, taking care of civil infrastructure. I'm based in Belgium. I take care of our customers in northern Europe, which is [INAUDIBLE], UK, Ireland, and the Scandinavian countries. So I joined the Autodesk world in the sense of a partner the year that Civil 3D was launched back in 2004. And since then, spent my whole time playing around with Civil 3D. And I'm working for Autodesk for about seven years now. So that's about it, I guess.

TOMAS LENDVORSKY: Yep. OK, thank you. So today, the topic is road rehabilitation. And in fact, also in my previous life, I was dealing with road rehabilitation. And it was always a tedious job, where people are usually using different tools which helps them to really define, let's say, or design the rehabilitation project properly.

And always, if you are talking about road rehabilitation, it's also important to mention that, according to my opinion, it's quite a wide territory because you can have different standards, different road types. Single, dual carriageway. Different design speed. You have to meet different parameters. You have many constraints.

And in fact, if you are doing road rehabilitation, there is, in fact, change in every cross-section. There is change at every cross-section, and this is what people have to deal with. And of course they are using some designing tools-- CAD or whatever-- plus Excel sheet, plus this, plus that. And in fact, we in Autodesk, we were already having tools for road rehabilitation since a long time ago, and I will be talking about this, or we will be talking about this, a little bit as well.

But in fact, since last year, we have really nice tools which are making the entire process much easier. And this is, in fact, the main goal to introduce what we have for road rehabilitation. And not only from a Civil 3D perspective, but also how the data can be prepared, and then how you can deal with different stuff like a traffic simulation. Because during the road rehabilitation job, you have to close some parts of roads, and how do you deal with this.

So this is something just to introduce what we are going to talk about. And in fact, as I mentioned, road rehabilitation is really difficult. There is a lot of if, then. You know, what will happen if I do this. How it will react, you know? So what I want to say is that road rehabilitation is, anyway, kind of an iteration process because you have to meet different criteria. Not only road designing criteria, but also criteria like you have to meet this budget, you know? So there is usually a limited budget, you know, so as far as material is concerned. And also constraints on the [INAUDIBLE] slopes, et cetera.

And this is something which, anyway, you will see during our presentation, our work flow, that this is an iteration process because you will design something, you will make some analyses, you will analyze the design, and then you will learn, OK, maybe here should be changed. And you have to be able to be back, change something, and have very quickly results. And this is where these new tools which are available in Civil 3D are very handy, and they will really streamline your iteration process as a designer.

PETER INGELS: Good. But before we go into the real design process on that [INAUDIBLE] I want to talk a little bit about existing conditions. [INAUDIBLE]

[AUDIO OUT]

OK. So we have now capabilities to bring that InfraWorks information inside Civil 3D as well. Oh, that sounds nicer, doesn't it? And Civil 3D is then the application where we will do the design of the road rehabilitation part itself. OK? And obviously you can combine the two methods-- the traditional survey method with that scanning method as well. All right? So good.

Go back to-- oh, that's also loud now. So basically, as I said, the work flow that we are talking about is that we take or capture massive amounts of points data by driving on the road-- on the highway. We get very detailed data. A little bit depends on which hardware you use. You bring it into ReCap and then bring it into the design application.

So first little part. This is the interface of ReCap. Basically what I'm going to do, I'm going to create a ReCap project in which I can then import these different files. So in this case, I'm just taking a subset of the files that were loss files. So that's the result that that kind of delivers me. And one of the things you typically will find, certainly with mobile scanning, is that the coordinate system is WGS84, and not the coordinate system that you will use to do your design in.

So this example comes from a project in the UK, where the scan data was in UTM coordinates, but we wanted to design in British National Grid coordinates, right? So ReCap allows you, as well-- and this is something that a lot of people don't know-- allows you to do coordinate transformation while you're registering these points, all right? Quite important. If you don't do it, you'll probably miss out on the correct coordinates later on in the process.

This is taking a little bit of time. What you will experience is that the indexing process is a little bit slower when you do coordinate transformation because it needs to recalculate a lot of information. And as soon as one or two of the files are being indexed, you can start viewing it. What you see, as well-- and that's why I'll play this video completely-- is that there's quite a lot of noise in the point cloud. You see all these kind of points scattered around in the sky. It has to do with [INAUDIBLE] available, or was appearing when we were scanning. So that's water in the air. There's moving vehicles. So there's quite a lot of points in that point cloud that you don't really want. But actually, I don't care.

Later on, when you see the indexing [INAUDIBLE] the processing in InfraWorks, you will see that we can get rid of all that noise in InfraWorks. I don't need to work a lot in ReCap to clean the point cloud out, all right? So that's good news because that can take a little bit of time. Actually, a lot of time. So index the point cloud brought all the data together, created an RCS file, and now I'm bringing it into the InfraWorks environment.

So just to start with, I've created an InfraWorks model for the area of my project with Model Builder. Standard capabilities in there. Changed my UCS to British National Grid as well because Model Builder data typically is WGS 84 as well. So change the coordinate system there and just load the ReCap file.

As the mobile scanning data is geo referenced, I transferred my coordinates to the right coordinate system. My InfraWorks model has the same coordinate system. The ReCap file will fall in the correct space immediately, all right?

So what you will see, this takes a little bit of time. This is quite a lot of data. This takes a little bit of time. And what you will see is that the point cloud typically will not fit completely with the ground created from Model Builder. Why is that? Model Builder gives you terrain-ready grid of 30 meters. I have a point every 6 millimeters in this point cloud. So that's much more accurate, right? So that's why you will see difference.

So I'll just let it play for a little bit. This is not kind of fast forward because people always say, when you do movies, it's fast forwarded and it doesn't work well. This is the actual speed, so it takes a little bit of time to load that point cloud data. And you will see in a little bit that the point cloud will appear on that highway that we have visible in this project. And it may seem that the video stopped, but it's not. It's still thinking a little bit. I can't remember exactly how big that point cloud was, but it's quite a significant amount of data in there.

OK. Again, make sure that your coordinate system is correct, and then get it in there, OK? So with that, you will see that the point cloud appears and that you can start working with it. OK, as you see, the point cloud is not falling entirely on the terrain. Again, I explained that the Model Builder data is not as accurate as my terrain data in here. OK?

So it's simple as that. I have not done much, right? The computer did everything for me. Translated my coordinates in the right coordinate system. I brought the data into my InfraWorks environment. And again, as you see all this noise, all the points of the [INAUDIBLE] are still in there. I have not done anything at all.

So let me now talk about what we can get out of the point cloud. Because if you just can view it, not really interesting. What makes it interesting is that I can extract geometry from my point cloud. And you always will start with extracting a terrain model from the point cloud that you have. And this is quite an important one because in the background, before we could generate the terrain model itself, there's a lot of classification happening. So we are actually cleaning out the point cloud and saying, this point is terrain, this point is not terrain to start with.

So all the noise, all the trees, all the vehicles, whatever you have [INAUDIBLE] be considered and basically will generate a terrain model. Basically, in the settings-- and I'll have an image later of these settings-- you can decide what the grid size is of the terrain model that is being created. So it can do it very accurate, heavy, or less accurate, right?

And to be honest, I'm an engineer by vocation and a surveyor, right? I'm a very skeptical guy. I don't believe that this is good until I saw it. I was really, really impressed. The quality of the terrain that comes out of it is really, really good.

What you see here is that immediately, my terrain gets adjusted. So the new terrain is pasted into my Model Builder terrain. And you see this is kind of the level of information that you will get out of the point cloud. What actually happens, as well, is that a new aerial image is created for the surface where the terrain is created as well. As this is a greyscale point cloud, the aerial image was not that nice and not that useful. But you actually get a new aerial image as well. So if you have a full color point cloud, you will get a very nice aerial image as well.

So the reason-- maybe a little bit information about the reason why I use the greyscale point cloud. Because actually, I don't need much more. As soon as you have intensity values attached, or as information available in the point cloud, it will be able to run that surface extraction. So if you have a point cloud data where there's no intensity values available, you will see it's not possible to extract all the geometries. So that's kind of an important constraint. So the classification happens based on information that comes out of the [INAUDIBLE] classification-- or the intensity, sorry, OK?

So terrain is one thing. And I could say I'm happy now. I'll take that terrain directly into Civil 3D and start my road resurfacing project. If this is 37 miles with a point every 5 to 10 centimeters, might be a lot of information to handle for Civil 3D. So we probably want to be a little bit smarter.

And one of the things we can do to be a little bit smarter is the fact that we can also do linear extraction. Linear extraction is getting curve lines, getting road marking lines. And I can do that pretty automatically by just selecting two points of road marking, for instance, in this example, and assigning it a style and a name. And in a couple of seconds, the algorithms that run in the background will allow you, based on just clicking this point and this point, generate me a full 3D line of that road marking on that terrain model.

So basically, what happens, it's draping it on the terrain model. That's why you need to have a terrain model created first. And the classification of these points-- of these road markings-- are happening when we do the terrain model as well. So that's why this is happening. In that exact same data set, I generated a line which was 22 kilometers long in one thing-- go click, click, done. Takes a couple of seconds.

If I have to do it manually, it takes probably a little bit more seconds, right? So pretty good. Pretty exciting capabilities. Also, if you even think that the line is not really visible, it still works. It's quite powerful because of the classification of the points that we have done before. And this works really well for these road marking lines. This works really well for very hard lines.

But let's say that you have geometry, and this was quite a 6 and 1/2 kilometer long line generated from that point cloud. So pretty impressive. Less than a minute to do that, so pretty impressive.

But what happens-- and this is feedback we get quite often-- yeah, but I want to extract a curb line as well. But the cleaning machine has not passed by, so there's a lot of dirt in the curb line, so the curb is not really clear. So basically, what happens next is that we have another capability to extract linear geometry for points that are a bit less clear. Could be New Jersey or concrete barriers, curb lines, as I said, edge of pavements. There's a little bit of grass growing over it and all that kind of stuff. So we have another method, which is called a cross section-based feature extraction. This requires one feature already being there because this is operating as your alignment, and you will generate cross sections along that line. So you see the yellow line. And Thomas told me that there is some [INAUDIBLE].

TOMAS LENDVORSKY: In the middle.

PETER INGELS: Which in the middle? Oh, this one. So this yellow line. This is the automatically extracted feature. And now I can ask the software to generate me cross sections. So on the right mouse click, I say, generate me cross section. Basically, what happens is you get an additional view. You see the point cloud. And I can say this point, this point, this point, this point, and this point, I want to extract features for. And this can be, again, as I said, the curb line. It could be any line in the model.

You see also the classification of the lines. So you assign a style of color. You give a meaning to the line. So later on, when I export the data to Civil 3D, Civil 3D will know that this is a road marking line or a curb line, or whatever line. And basically, what happens is I just stepped along that line from cross section to cross section, and verify if the points are on the same place. Yes or no. Make a little modification, go to the next, and go, and on and on. So this is obviously not fully automatic, but it gives you full control over which lines you want to extract.

So again, in certain situations, this is really useful. Also, when you have to work in a tunnel, for instance, and you want to have the top line of the tunnel-- that's a line that's not falling on the surface itself-- this is a very good way of doing it. The interval that you work with, you can set that as well. You can do it every 20 meters, which gives you a rough line. You can set it every meter, which gives you much more detailed lines. Pretty simple, pretty straightforward. And you see, again, in the middle bottom here, these light blue lines are being created, right? So that's another possibility.

Last but not least, and certainly something that's very useful with regards to the road rehabilitation workflow is that we can generate points on these cross section lines. So you've seen these traverse lines, these cross sections. I can also ask the software to create a series of points on this cross sections or these traverse lines. Basically, this is what a survey would do manually, go over the road and measure a cross section. So we can do that automatically here as well.

Again, that requires one automatically-generated feature line or a manually-drawn feature line actually. And then I can say, generate me these points, OK? So again, right mouse click. You can see what the interval is, what the length is, and what the distance is between the points on that traverse line. The more points you have on the traverse line, the more detail you have available.

Why is this important, this way of working? Because the cross section is what you will use when you do the road resurfacing, as well, OK? So I think, from everything I said, this is the only information you really need, but I find it cool. And you need to go through the process of generating the surface anyway before you can move forward to do other extraction. And then you see-- this is a typical the information that you will export. These traverse lines will become a CSV file. The features will become a shape file. And you can also export the terrain as RCS file as well. And then it's just saving it on the hard drive and reading it into Civil.

So basically, what have I done so far? I've spent a couple of hours driving in a car. Index point clouds, extract the geometry from a point cloud. And now I want to bring that into Civil 3D. As I said, there are different file formats for it, and then you can import that in Civil 3D as you see there.

There's one thing I want to mention before I hand it over to Tomas. These are all the settings you can do with the surface generation and Inflow X. As I said, you can decide which is the distance of the points, if it's a grid that you generate. There's some processing elements. And again, that generates a very detailed kind of surface. You can obviously use that. But I think it's a lot of data to handle and to process. So just to make you aware of the differences, for this workflow, I definitely would work with these points on this red line, which are the traverse lines that are being generated.

So again, very quick, very innovative, very new, very exciting way of capturing information and making it ready for use within your design process. So with that, I hand it over to Tomas, and you can tell them how the design works.

TOMAS LENDVORSKY: OK, thank you. So I will ask you to keep questions at the end of the session, yeah? Thank you. So thank you, Peter. So you saw how we deal with existing conditions, and Peter did a good survey job. So let's move to the design.

So if you go to the design, obviously, there are-- [INAUDIBLE] design-- there are different steps which we have to do. And first, what you need to make a road and, later on, corridor, et cetera, is alignment. And in Civil 3D, in fact, we have different possibilities how to create alignment. So we have alignment creation tools using fixed float, best fit line, and curves. So in fact, we do have functionality based on existing polar line or existing points, which are coming, in this case, from InfraWorks. You can start to build your alignment.

We have also functionality which will create best fit alignment along the entire line. Because the first functionality, you are saying, OK, I want to do it from here to here. I expect line. And then you can, in fact, tweak it. Say OK, this is path-through point. This point, I don't need because it's not good. So I can play with this.

And then we have another possibility to create alignment from objects. And in fact, if you think about road rehabilitation projects-- and this is really up to you as a user-- you have to make a decision which tool you will use. And I put here some simple workflow, how to make decisions. But of course, it can be also a little bit different in your case.

So I am saying that if you need alignment with elements-- basically with parameters because maybe the project requires to have really clear ideas, needs straights, so then you should go for this best fit alignment. And then it doesn't matter if you go here or here, Alignment Creation Tools. But if you need-- in resurfacing, in most cases, according to my opinion, according to my experience, you don't need parameters along the alignment. You don't need to have curves and so on and so forth. So you can just simply create alignment from object. And then, from this central line, which Peter created using InfraWorks, you can start to deal with this.

So let's have a look at this, and here, I want to show you how you will start to work with, basically, elements which has been-- objects which has been created by Peter in InfraWorks, and how to bring it to Civil 3D. So I have already, here, basically centerline, left [INAUDIBLE] and right [INAUDIBLE]. So how I got it to Civil 3D? Basically, I used the map import functionality to bring it to Civil 3D.

So I have 3D pull lines, which are already, of course, in a proper coordinate system. And then, later on, I'm already preparing my central line. Because central line is a 3D pull line. And if I want to use functionality to create alignment from an object, I need to have 2D pull line. So basically, what I did, I removed that elevation from my central line. So I have only 2D pull line.

Now I am bringing in data which has been created in InfraWorks. So I'm using IMX to bring the data in. So I'm bringing this surface I created. And of course, just to visualize it, of course, I can visualize it as triangles to see where the points are. And this is what Peter mentioned. The density depends on how you created the surface in InfraWorks.

So then, Peter also created traverse lines, where the cross sections are. So now, in fact, the background, I changed CSV file to text file, but it doesn't matter because Civil 3D has both functionalities. And I am bringing traverse lines, points to Civil 3D. And you see that, in fact, they are not the very same grid or the very same location as the original triangles are. So you see that now, you as a designer, you should make decision. OK, should I use everything, or traverse lines are enough?

So in this example, I decided, for me, I will create the surface only by these traverse lines, points. And you will see, later on, I will be keeping this interval as an interval for my corridor-- for my rehabilitation corridor. But you will see it later on again.

So now I created a new surface, and I am adding these points to the surface to have a really surface for my road rehabilitation. Yeah? Makes sense. So in fact, if you don't need-- you don't need to bring this IMX file in as a surface. It's up to you based on your project. Yep? So I just wanted to visualize both things, and it's really your decision.

And then, here, I have this central line. And what is important is that I move this very first point of this central line, which I imported from InfraWorks, to the very first point where my traverse lines lay. Because now, I am converting this polar line to alignment, and I am not adding any curve. So I have possibility to erase existing entity or not. It's up to me. So I will say OK, we'll keep both. I will have this alignment.

And now, I have alignment which is starting exactly at the point where my traverse lines started. So I'm just making annotation. I will make annotation, but it's not necessary. Just in the interval where these traverse lines are. So basically, how Peter created it in InfraWorks. So just to make annotation to see what's going on, and see how it works.

And the next step is profile. In fact, you don't need to design any profile because later on, you will see how road rehabilitation is working, so it's in fact, recreating a design profile. So I don't need to create any profile. I'm just making a profile-- I mean sections through existing surface. So just to wrap it up, we have existing surface and we have alignment.

The next step will be, let's say, preparation for corridor design. So I just want to mention that we do have several possibilities in Civil 3D. So we have, let's say, rehab subassemblies which are, let's say, in Civil 3D, since, I don't know, 2010. I don't remember. So this is rehab subassemblies, which are part of Civil 3D. Then we have New Rehab Subassemblies, which are really related to this New Rehab Corridor you will see later on. And they are really dedicated for resurfacing stuff.

But what I want to also mention, don't forget that we have other functionality as well. Don't forget about Subassembly Composer because Subassembly Composer is giving you also possibility to deal with road rehabilitation, road resurfacing. And I will mention it later on.

And also, don't forget about classical, let's say, standard subassemblies. Because if you do some resurfacing, maybe you will need some widening, you have some bus stops. And you will need to use maybe also these standard subassemblies later on. So if you are talking about rehab subassemblies, I will not go into the details, but still please remember they are very useful. And you can use them. They are-- they are really helpful. And just, they are really for milling, leveling, overlay. Just visit the Help file to learn how they are working.

But the core of this session is to explain how the New Rehab Subassemblies are working. Basically, we do have three different types-- Overlay and Level, Overlay and Mill, Overlay and Mill and Level. And for both, for dual carriageway and single carriageway. So based on these names, you know what they are doing. And just let's have a look at how it works, and I will explain how they are dealing with stuff. Because what you have is obviously, we have central line. We have left H, right H, or H of throughway. And in fact, what system is doing-- because we have cross section, and the cross section is, let's say, based on existing conditions. So what system is finding, using best fit functionality. The system is finding the best fit slope on one side-- on left side and right side.

I will be covering here single carriageway because this is example which I have. But very similar way it works in dual carriageway. But you will first do left lane and then right lane all the way around. And in fact, if you do overlay level using overlay and level in a single carriageway, system will find the best fit slopes on the left side and right side. Then it will, at some leveling, based on your parameters which you will input later on in corridor, and also overlay to reach what you require.

So this one is-- I don't want to say it's simple, but it is how it works here. If you are going for overlay and mill, then we are telling to system that we need some minimum mill depth. So system will find the minimum point from left-hand side and right-hand side of my carriageway. And from this, substruct the minimum mill depth, which you define as a parameter. And then adding overlay on the top of it.

And very similarly, overlay, mill, and level. Just here, this is screenshot from Help file. Just please, there is some mistake in Help file. Of course, this is not minimum level depth. It's minimum mill depth, like it was before. And they just another parameter here is leveling.

So these are things which-- how these subassemblies are working. Obviously, if you know Civil 3D, you can do targeting, so left edge of carriageway. And you will see, in my example, we can target the right edge of the carriageway. We can target-- we can define also crown offsets. Basically, crown doesn't have to be necessarily in the center. You can define this stuff as well.

So these are these New Rehab Subassemblies available in Civil 3D 2019. And as I mentioned, I also want to stress the importance of Subassembly Composer because you can build your own subassemblies even for road rehabilitation. Because what we have-- [INAUDIBLE] we have a set of tools available in Subassembly Composer. I will not go into the details. But what is important to mention is that we have different link classes. So basically, these links defining the corridor. And there are classes which are really dedicated for road rehabilitation. So if you go to the Help file, you will find that you have, for example, class which is called link dot line regression slope. Basically, what the system is doing, if I would have a cross section where are different points from lasers getting, from point clouds, system is capable of finding the best fit slope from these points. So system is capable of finding minimum elevation from the slope, maximum elevation.

So there are really tools which will help you to build subassemblies properly. And of course, you can make different decision while writing the subassembly. And then the subassembly can be really clever and do the job. Just full information for your reference. Because in past, I did some example, and this is part of this class additional materials. So if you go to AU class, I created a subassembly using Subassembly Composer for road rehabilitation doing this regression analysis, using also enumeration to put different curbs. So just for you to learn a little bit more about this. But as I mentioned, this is not the main topic of this class.

And please don't forget we have Standard Subassemblies. As I mentioned, if you do road resurfacing or rehabilitation, then you have to maybe add some curb, to add some sidewalk, maybe some widening shoulder, et cetera. Don't forget that this, let's say, wide range of subassembly is still useful for road rehabilitation.

And then let's go to the Corridor. So we do have, in fact-- yeah, at the end of the day, it's one Corridor. But if you start to do Corridor, you can use Corridor. And I call it Standard Corridor. But in the menu, it's just Corridor. You have Rehab Corridor.

And again, I put here some flow. And if you want to use this New Rehab Subassemblies, then you should start to use Rehab Corridor. If you don't want to use this New Rehab Subassemblies, and you want to use this, let's say, old Rehabilitation Subassemblies or standard one, or this one which you build in Subassembly Composer, then you will have to use Standard Corridor. But in this class, I will use Rehab Corridor as a new functionality to build up corridor.

So let's have a look how it's done and what you can achieve using this new functionality. So we have existing ground. We have alignment. So now, let's create rehab corridor. So I will base it on this existing ground from traverse lines. And you see that system automatically will split my screen into three parts. So I have longitudinal profile, I have a plain view, and I have a cross section view.

And then, on the right-hand side, I have parameters and I can start to fill the parameters. What I'm doing at this point is-- because I am doing just resurfacing, no widening, anything like this. So now, I am telling to system, OK, what is my left edge of the road and what is my right edge of the road? Of course, coming from point clouds, from InfraWorks, as you saw it before. So just targeting standard corridor, you are doing this one.

And then you have different parameters where you can define-- for example, you know a slope. What is the optimal slope? Basically, I'm putting here, 2.5%. And which New Rehab subassembly you want to use. And then, of course, parameters. If you say mill, level, and overlay, so then the values for this. Sorry, it's in meters because this is a project which is done in Europe.

And then, because we started this-- we have standard-- this is a surface based on these cross sections, so now I am going to the standard functionality of corridor, and I am changing frequency of the corridor. So I am saying where the frequency of the corridor will be created, and it will be at the very same interval as the traverse lines [INAUDIBLE] down. Yeah? So now, I have it every 5 meters. So basically, I change parameters and now, I'm also changing [INAUDIBLE]. Because I am not very happy with the appearance of my cross sections. So basically, now I want to see it with some annotation. I put my [INAUDIBLE] style, all the slopes that I see immediately what's going on.

And maybe I'm not happy with the size. You can still use standard functionality, standard settings. So what I will do, I will change the link annotation, maybe to put different values, just that it's not so big on my screen. Of course, you can prepare your template. You don't have to take care of this. I just wanted to explain here that if you are going, you should prepare really co-sets and everything that it will appear properly, and maybe to prepare all commands, that it will work automatically for you or for your colleagues in office.

So this was just showing how you can deal with this New Rehab Corridor. But really, don't forget this is Standard Corridor, yeah? And system automatically created assembly. Because we said, OK, which assembly I want to use? So it created assembly, automatically put it to my model space. And now, I can start to use-- and it's up to you because you can imagine that you need some widening, you need some shoulder. Now I just want to make some simple day lighting, so I will use just a link to the surface. And this is, according to my opinion, very important to understand that you can start to mix it. So basically, I have this New Rehab Subassembly. But then I am adding something else, yeah? So as you are used from, let's say, normal Corridor, yeah?

And then, I will tell to system, OK, rebuild my corridor because I did not set it automatically. And then I have some slopes-- you can have something else. Basically, it's just an example of what you can do. And then you can go, very simply, back. You can go to Edit Rehab Corridor. You will just select Corridor. You can, in fact, even split your corridor to different regions. I have one region along the entire alignment. But of course, you can split it as you need, especially if you are somewhere inside of a town. So you will definitely need different regions, different parts.

But everything is doable. And you see that I have here standard functionality, targeting, everything properly so that I have, here, my slopes. But it's just an example. Maybe shoulder would be better one. And still, you can change stuff, and you can check it. So basically, now, because I have plain view, I can move either in plan or profile. Where I am looking to, of course, I can select the station here. So I can go through my corridor and check my cross section.

So basically, now, you should start to do your checking. Or maybe, you should start to change the values, and to see maybe I will put a different value for milling, for overlay, for leveling. So it's really up to you to make a decision. And of course, then it also depends how the project will progress, and maybe you will create different regions because of different milling level, because maybe the road is more destroyed in some parts. You know, just think what you can do and you can achieve it with Civil 3D functionality.

What I haven't said so far is also that we have, here, functionality like slope tolerance. Because what system is doing is also I am setting, let's say, optimum cross fall, or maybe I have [INAUDIBLE] elevation. It's whatever you will define inside of alignment. But I'm also saying what is kind of flipping. Because system will also try to match my result slope to the existing ground to minimize the material, yeah? So we have this functionality.

And also, later on, you can start-- and you can look to this and you can even change the values in these parameters. So I can override maybe a cross fall-- left cross fall or right cross fall, and I can type a new value. And then it's in some green color. You see that the system is telling you that it was overwritten, and you can start to change it.

You have also information about brake slope. You have ideal slope sloped around because we said half a percent. And what is the difference and what is the result slope, and also [INAUDIBLE] guardian between previous and following cross falls.

So you have, here, a lot of information to go through and to start to think how to change it. Because as I said at the beginning, road rehabilitation or road resurfacing is, in fact, iteration process. And you should have possibility to change the values in each and every cross section. It's really up to you if you want to do it or not. We are giving you this possibility and this flexibility. You have also possibility to make reports, to set up reporting, like what is the thickness in edge point, control point, and so on and so forth. So there are a lot of tools which are enabling you to go through this and to make your design better, and to iterate it.

But then, we go to the next step. Because in fact, as I mentioned, you have existing ground, which is coming from point clouds, and system [INAUDIBLE] this regression analysis. And in fact, then there was milling, overlay, and some leveling. But system is working in each and every cross section separately, which means, as a result, your center line might be bumpy. Of course, this is a bit exaggerated, but in fact, it is bumpy because it's cross section by cross section-- in my case, in 5 meters interval, system calculated new central line or crown elevation.

And how to deal with this? Because then I would be driving on a bumpy road, which I don't like really. So when you do this, I would recommend to use expressions. Because what I would like to see is where are the critical points which I should look at? So in this case, I put some expressions, and I put it here. Basically, I search for grade difference. Basically, difference between previous and following gradient in the central line. And what I am saying here is, OK, make a difference between gradient out and gradient in. Multiply it by 100 to have it in percentage. And then, I am defining [INAUDIBLE] expression. And I am saying, OK, if the grade difference is less than 0.5%-- this is my decision. I decided a half percent, but it's up to you. [INAUDIBLE] will be 0. If not, I am defining [INAUDIBLE], which means later on-- and the same for align lines-- which means that if I have some points where the difference in the gradient is less than 0.5%. I will not see some line and some annotation, and where it's bigger, than, of course, I recognize, OK, this is something which I have to focus on, and I have to check it if it is correct and maybe modify it.

And this is really important. And by the way, again, [INAUDIBLE] session some additional class material, I put there one EWG file, where I have all these expressions set up so you can check it. So let's have a look how we will do this profiles smoothing in a workflow, yeah?

So now, what I will do-- and this is step which you can do, but not necessarily. If you believe that everything is fine, then you don't have to do this. But what I'm doing is I'm creating surface, and I will display the profile. And I will look if I have these, let's say, critical points where my gradient change is bigger in 0.5%, yeah?

So I did the surface from top of my road. I will display it as a border only. I don't need anything else. And then I will use standard Civil 3D functionality to create surface profile. So I will get surface profile through this top of the road surface, yeah? And I will display it in different color, and I will have a look at it so it's here, yeah?

So I have existing ground and this is my design road. And you will see that it's a little bit bumpy, yeah? So now I go to the Edit labels, and I already prepared this grade breaks label style with these expressions, which are in. And now, I will call it so it's here, just to show you that I have, for example, for the lens, I am using the expression line lens. So basically, it will be either visible or not visible, yeah? And similar for text, yeah?

So just showing what is inside. And I will edit. So by default, of course, system will do it from the very beginning till the very end. So OK, [INAUDIBLE]. I will not do anything. And now, you will see something a little bit strange. So you have one-- in fact, two labels which are too big. This is a problem at the beginning and at the end because there is only one gradient. So what I will say right now, OK, start not from 0, but from station 5. And don't do it till the very end, but station before.

So now, I have really labels only where the gradient break is greater than 0.5%, yeah? But in fact, I can't do too much with this. Because this is just a profile, so I can't move it. I can't do anything with this. So now, I recognize that I have to do something with this. So what I am doing, I am creating alignment from my corridor. So basically, I have crown feature line, and I am, at this point, extracting alignment and profile out of it. So basically, it will be exactly as it was basically designed by road rehabilitation subassembly, yeah?